Port communicationPromote ship financial leasing business with the free trade zone SPV model (innovative model!) Ship financial leasing refers to the lessor (leasing company) based on the lessee (shipping company)'s choice of shipyard and lease subject matter (ship), etc.，Sign a lease contract with the lessee，Sign a sales contract with the seller，during the lease period，The lessor provides the ship to the lessee for use，A financing model in which the lessee pays rent。
Ship finance leasing is a collection of trade、finance、A comprehensive financial business integrating leasing and leasing，It realizes financing by melting things，With its unique way of operating, tenants、lessor、A win-win situation for manufacturers and even capital market investors is a financing method that can achieve harmonious development among multiple parties.。
2010January，The "Notice of the China Banking Regulatory Commission on Issues Concerning the Establishment of Project Companies by Financial Leasing Companies in Domestic Bonded Areas to Carry out Financial Leasing Business" issued by the China Banking Regulatory Commission stipulates that，Financial leasing companies can set up leasing project subsidiaries (i.e. special purpose vehicles SPV) in domestic bonded areas.，The project company can carry out financial leasing and various businesses related to financial leasing. Since then, the domestic financial leasing industry has ushered in a new opportunity to develop the financial leasing industry with Chinese characteristics through the SPV model in the bonded zone.。
Unlike traditional financial leasing, which involves three parties (lessor)、lessee、manufacturer) differs，The SPV leasing model involves four parties。Among them, SPV is a fourth party that exists as a special institution.，The duration is limited to the project period，In the financial leasing business, special government policies and preferential taxes can be used to reduce leasing costs.。
At the same time, SPV companies generally assume limited liability，When assets are at risk，It will not affect the assets of the leasing company and other SPV companies of the leasing company.，Plays the role of risk isolation。Domestic SPV companies are mainly concentrated in Tianjin Dongjiang Bonded Port Area and Shenzhen Free Trade Pilot Zone。
These two special customs supervision areas have lowered the entry threshold.、Simplified leasing process and other methods，Encourage financial leasing companies to carry out financing business，and according to oneself
Advantages
and development direction，Explore a financial leasing model with Chinese characteristics。at present，The composition of container ship shipping capacity among major shipping companies around the world，Basically, ship leasing is the mainstay, with self-owned ships accounting for less than 50%.。
For example, Maersk, the world's largest shipping company，As of August 31 this year，Owns 654 container ships，Among them, 409 containers were rented，Accounting for 63%。It can be seen that，Shipping companies are more inclined to obtain the right to use ships through leasing，Facing the huge international shipping market，Provides broad development space for the ship financing leasing industry。
With the BDI index representing the trend of the international dry bulk shipping market rising from less than 700 points in mid-February this year,，It has recently risen to 1415 points，reached the highest value since late 2014，Signifies frequent international trade，Increased demand in primary commodity markets，Ship rental prices are expected to rebound in the future，Promote the prosperity of the ship leasing market。
According to the current situation of Dalian shipbuilding industry facing insufficient orders,，Dalian City should take advantage of domestic policies，Learn from existing domestic financial leasing models，Based in Dalian area of Liaoning Free Trade Zone，Leverage free trade zone policy innovation
Advantages
and local advanced shipbuilding technology，Develop the financial leasing industry with ships and offshore engineering projects as the main subject matter，Promote the coordinated development of ship manufacturing and leasing。
Tianjin Dongjiang and Shenzhen Free Trade Zone develop financial leasing business，Proposed a number of innovative policy measures，Provided policy guidance for the development of ship financing leasing business in the Dalian area of Liaoning Free Trade Zone。The Dalian area of Liaoning Free Trade Zone can draw on existing policies to，Explore the SPV model，From expanding financing channels、Improve the evaluation system、Increase efforts in innovation systems and other aspects，Promote the rapid development of Dalian ship leasing business。
one、Expand financing channels for ship financing leasing Ship financing leasing is a capital-intensive industry，Have large financial needs、Characteristics of long time span，Rely on the leasing company’s own funds，Unable to afford the high cost of ship acquisition。How to establish complete financial supporting policies，Expanding funding sources is the most important issue that needs to be solved when developing ship leasing business.。
It is recommended to introduce relevant policies，Encourage financial institutions and leasing companies in the free trade zone to establish long-term cooperative relationships，Provide preferential loan interest rates and simplified loan processes for SPV companies。Since the ship purchase price is paid in installments according to the ship construction progress and the ship has a long construction period,、And there is no rental income during the construction period.，Financial institutions should design appropriate financial products，Meet the SPV enterprise’s special requirements for fund use and repayment
Require
。
Free trade zone banks can also build financing platforms，Help leasing companies obtain funds through overseas financing。On this basis，We should also actively develop new financing platforms，Encourage e.g. trust companies、Insurance companies and others invest in the ship finance leasing industry，Realize mutual promotion between the financial leasing industry and financial institutions，Collaborative development。
two、Establishing a complete valuation and review system in ship leasing business，If during the lease term，The lessee has suffered a sudden drop in shipping market conditions or poor management, etc.，Causing them to default in advance or refuse to pay rent，Return the leased object to the lessor。Because the ship charter period has not expired，The lessor has not recovered the purchase cost of the ship，The lessee's behavior of stopping rent caused huge losses to the lessor。
in order to reduce losses，The lessor can only resell the ship or find the next lessee.。At this time, it is necessary to establish a complete valuation and review system，Assessing the value of second-hand ships，and issue a professional evaluation report。Use this as a basis for pricing second-hand ships for sale or lease，Provide transparency for both parties to the transaction、fair trading environment，Ensure that the interests of both parties to the transaction are not infringed upon。
three、Accelerate the improvement of ship financial leasing regulations and systems at present，my country has not yet established a complete legal system for financial leasing，The relevant provisions in the Contract Law mainly define the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract.，Not covering all business activities of financial leasing。The Maritime Law also does not provide complete policy provisions for ship financial leasing contracts.，It is not conducive to the development of my country's ship financing leasing business。
Dalian Area of Liaoning Free Trade Zone can target SPV model ship financing leasing business，Based on the existing ship registration system in Shenzhen Free Trade Zone，Further optimize and improve the protection of ship financing leasing rights and lessors’ ownership expectation rights，Effectively improve ship registration efficiency，Reduce ship finance leasing risks，Promote the healthy development of Dalian ship leasing business。
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