Port communicationThe first written record of pawn in our country is "Book of the Later Han Dynasty"，Description in the book，The Yellow Turban Uprising at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty，Ganling Prime Minister Liu Yu was ordered to attack Youzhou，Conflict with general Gongsun Zan。"What Yu praised，Pawn Hu Yi，Zan copied and captured it several times."。Liu Yuyuan planned to pledge the rewarded property to foreigners.，But was plundered by Gongsun Zan。This is the first time in history that the word "pawn" is used together.，It records pawn activities as a social and economic activity.。
it shows，Pawnbroking emerged in China at the latest in the Eastern Han Dynasty，China is one of the countries where pawnbroking occurred early，It has a history of 1800 years。 Pawn shops, known as pawn shops or pawn shops, emerged in China during the Northern and Southern Dynasties.。It is recorded in "Southern History·Zhen Fachong Biography"，Zhen Bin, the great grandson of Zhen Fa, who was ordered by Jiangling of Song Dynasty (during the Southern Song Dynasty)，"Try a bunch of ramie to get the Changsha Temple pledge money，Later redeemed and returned，Got five taels of gold from ramie，Wrap it in a handkerchief。Binder，Return to Temple Treasury"。
Temple library mentioned here，It refers to the specialized pawn shop run by the temple.。It is also recorded in "Book of Southern Qi"："Yuan Xun，Clear money to the tune of ten thousand，Then Zhaoti Temple redeemed the Yuanbaishao mattress given by Taizu.，Bad work Qiu Jiying，He also redeemed the rhinoceros guide Yuan Jiehuo and the ox that Yuan Chang rode.。"In short，Buddhist temples also run pawn shops or special pawn agencies。Chinese pawn shops originated in the Southern Dynasties at the latest，The earliest operators were Buddhist monks，But there was no such thing as a pawn shop or a pawn shop at that time.，Commonly called temple library。
As for the establishment of foreign pawn shops，According to existing historical records，should be later than China，But it originated in the early Middle Ages in Europe at least。This is the basic consensus and conclusion reached by experts and scholars from various countries。 Mr. Fan Wenlan, a famous Chinese historian, once pointed out，With the rise and popularity of pawn business activities in Buddhist temples in the Southern Dynasties,，An industry specializing in borrowing money as collateral, the pawn industry, gradually formed.。
but，The pawn industry during the Southern and Northern Dynasties was still in its infancy.，Belongs to an important part of the temple economy。Until the Tang Dynasty，China's pawn industry has really broken out of the narrow circle of rare operations in Buddhist temples，It has become a very popular and booming modern financial industry in the entire society.。in a foreign country，The formation of pawn shops also occurred in the Middle Ages。Jewish pawn shop，The pawn industry is booming，And make Europe one of the birthplaces of the pawn industry in the world。
Pawn shops are essentially commercial financial organizations.。as a product of commodity economy，It must participate in the exchange of goods and serve them，thereby making profits，maintain one's own survival。The commercial nature of the pawn shop is first expressed as，In the early stages of its creation, it was mainly responsible for raising funds.。
Northern and Southern Dynasties(420-589Year)Quality libraries that have appeared since，Although it is the earliest credit intermediary in mankind,，However, it was quite restricted by the development level of feudal commodity economy.，Therefore, it is actually not yet independent.、An economic sector completely dependent on the monastery，Or rather，It is one of the various management methods of the temple economy.。 then，Buddhism and business have a very close connection。
This is because，The upper class monks sit and talk in vain，luxury corrupts，live”Eat without fighting、Clothes without weaving”parasitic life，The average person has enough food and clothing for one year
cost
“Approximately more than 30,000”，”From Wu Ding，Can't do this”；And to meet such huge expenses for monks and nuns，In addition to colluding with the ruling class, monasteries、Deceiving good men and women to obtain alms，Must be self-funded，Full of endless treasure。
for this purpose，The three major economic sectors of the temple–estate、Commerce and loan sharking show their unique abilities。However，Guarantee Liangta，All it brings is land rent in kind，This makes business operations the main means for temples to accumulate money.。at the same time，Qoku, which is beginning to take shape as a branch of loan sharking，plays the role of raising funds for business。
Early monasteries and temples，Often located near markets or on busy commercial streets in urban and rural areas，This greatly facilitates the shops operated by the temple.、didian、Business activities carried out by the quality library。
The quality warehouse provides services to merchants and merchants traveling from south to north.，Collect interest by lending money，Increase the overall wealth of the monastery，thus creating a more important sector of the temple economy–Prosperous business provides certain financial guarantees，This is also the mutual penetration of commercial capital and loan shark capital in later generations.、The beginning of integration。 The commercial nature of pawn shops is also reflected in the following:，It directly engages in market activities under certain conditions。With the development of commodity economy in feudal society，Pawn shops are getting stronger financially。
Especially after it became an independent financial institution，Pawn shops began to run businesses or other side businesses on the side.，In addition to borrowing and earning interest，Create a new way to increase its own capital。 Grain trading is a typical example of pawnshop business.。Late Ming and early Qing，The growing capitalist element in handicraft industry，Greatly stimulated the activity of commercial capital。
Some”wealthy merchant，Hold his money，Buy cheap, sell expensive，Mother and son rescue each other，Years old or tens of thousands of gold”，even”The rich may number in the millions or hundreds of thousands”。The arrogance of commercial capital，Prominently manifested in the need for important living materials such as salt、grain monopoly。In this monopoly process，Pawn shops also play a very important role。 The early years of Qianlong，Jiangsu and Zhejiang、Pawn shops and businessmen in Anhui area collude with each other，Engage in grain speculation，Similar to Song Dynasty”Tani Nori”。
That is to say, every time merchants harvest in autumn, when grain is cheap,，to purchase a large amount of rice at a lower purchase price，Then resell it to a pawn shop at a higher selling price.，After getting the pledged money, go buy food，Like a wholesaler，pass”Take it as you go，Tossing and turning”，”Not much capital，The operation is huge”。
The pawn shop can first use the pawn discount to earn the difference.，Then hoard the harvested food，Wait until the green and yellow are gone、When the merchant has not redeemed himself，Sell high，like a retailer，Just wait”The market price soared，Get multiple interest rates instantly”。In this regard，Some court officials also felt uneasy。
The twelfth year of Qianlong's reign(1747Year)，Tang Pin, the censor of Shaanxi Province, pointed out in "Please prohibit hoarding of rice and grains"：”Recent news about folk pawns，Kazugo Yonetani, the director of the program，son jinjo，Attracted a lot of people，hoarding a lot。Don't make too much profit in the dealer，And profiteers and traitors，Then the attendant was accommodating Dianpu，They all take advantage of the situation and buy it off.。”this passage，vividly describes the combination of commercial capital and usurious capital、A situation of mutual benefit。
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