Characteristics of typical financial leases、Accounting and tax treatment and manifestations

Financial leasing is a special financial business，It is a kind of general capital、trading、industry combined，Separation of usage rights and ownership，Transactions that achieve "financing" through "melting things"。Financial leases are divided into typical financial leases and atypical financial leases。Today we mainly talk about what are the characteristics of typical financial leases，What is its accounting treatment after the business tax to value-added tax reform and what are the manifestations of typical financial leases?。

one、What are the characteristics of a typical financial lease?

1. A typical financial lease is usually described as having at least one subject matter、Two types of contracts (sales contract、financial lease contract, etc.) and at least three parties (lessor、lessee、Seller’s trading activities；
2. Finance leases transfer essentially all risks and rewards associated with asset ownership、Full financing、fully paid transaction，Its ownership may eventually be transferred，may also be transferred。
3. Its legal feature is that the lessor obtains the leased property according to the lessee's choice of the leased property and the supplier and then leases it to the lessee.，In layman’s terms, it means “you buy and I pay.”，Warranty manufacturer management。

You rent and I buy，If I buy, you must rent，want ownership，The rent has to be paid” 2、Accounting and tax treatment of typical financial leases

1. The typical legal form of financial leasing is financial leasing；
2. Accounted as finance lease in accounting treatment，The leased property must be included in the lessee’s balance sheet；
3. Tax 1) About difference tax：When business tax is applicable to financial leasing，The tax payable is determined as the difference between income and costs，The applicable tax rate is 5%；After the business tax to value-added tax，The assessed tax payable is still calculated as the difference between income and costs，The applicable tax rate is 17%；change：Compared with the business tax period， The tax burden has increased a lot (17%-5%)。

2) About the old contract after the business tax to value-added tax，For contracts signed before the pilot date，The tax amount is still calculated and paid according to the business tax。New contract，VAT always applies。3) About the tax-and-refund policy that exceeds 3% when the policy of tax-and-refund exceeding 3% was originally introduced.，Everyone had high expectations for this，During Shanghai's original trial, the actual tax burden was calculated at 3% based on the difference between income and costs.，Therefore, compared with the original business tax payment，Businesses can enjoy reduced tax burdens。

However, after the issuance of Document No. 37,，The actual tax burden of 3% is calculated based on the full amount of income.，As a result, this policy became useless。Local governments have also introduced tax refund policies.，to solve this problem，It’s just that the specific magnitude varies from region to region.。three、Typical financial leasing forms mainly include direct leasing、lease back、sublease、entrust leasing、joint tenancy、Leveraged lease、share lease、risk lease、synthetic leasing。lease")

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