典当行在当今社会的运用解析

典当亦称“当铺”或“押店”。是旧中国以收取物品作抵押，An institution that issues high-interest loans。中国历代典当名目繁多，有称“质库”、“解库”、“典铺”、“长生库”等等。我国最早的典当业出现于南北朝，最早有关典当的记载见于《后汉书·刘虞传》：“虞所赉赏，Pawn Hu Yi。

”旧时中国典当多以收取衣物等动产作为抵押品，按借款人提供的质押品价值打折扣，贷放现款，定期收回本金和利息。到期不能赎取，质押品由当铺没收，也有的典当可用不动产作质押品。

根据商务部、公安部颁布，2005年4月1日起施行的《典当管理办法》规定，所谓典当，It refers to the owner’s movable property、财产权利作为当物质押或者抵押给典当行，Deliver a certain percentage

cost

，Get deposit，and pay interest on the deposit within the agreed period、repay the deposit、the act of redeeming something pledged。In layman's terms，典当就是要以财物作质押，有偿有期借贷融资的一种方式。

这是一种以物换钱的融资方式，只要顾客在约定时间内还本并支付一定的综合服务费（包括当物的保管费、insurance、利息等），就可赎回当物。早期典当业多系独资经营，资本自数千两至数万两不等，几乎为山西、陕西商人（俗称山陕帮）和徽商的专业。封建官府和贵族官僚也把它看作营运资本的有利处所。

内务府曾在北京开设官当铺十几处，地方当局也有由官自行设典生息。国库和地方各库官款经常拨出一部分发交典商当商生息，称生息银，利率约七八厘至一分。大官僚大商人投资开设典当牟利的，亦屡见不鲜。

康熙朝刑部尚书徐乾学曾将本银十万两交给布商陈天石经营典当；乾隆朝大学士和珅拥有当铺七十五座；光绪时大买办商人胡光墉有当铺二十余处，分设各省。典当业集中体现了官僚、地主、商人三位一体的高利贷资本的活动。

官款存放生息曾是这种高利贷活动的有力支柱；一般当铺还可自己签发银票、钱票，作为信用工具，因而其贷出金额（俗称“架本”）远远超过自有资本。later，官银钱号开设，票号、钱庄业务发达，官额存放减少，则依靠票号、钱庄转手借贷的支持，原有典铺、当铺逐渐衰落。

光绪十四年（1888），北京以外各省典当约共七千余家，较前期减少很多。1912Year，全国登记的典当数减至四千余家。押店则继续增加，其营业重点亦逐步由城市而转向乡镇。典当期限有什么规定？根据典当行管理办法有关规定，典当最短时间为5天，不足5天按5天计算，最长期限为6个月。

典当到期后，5within days，客户可以选择赎当，也可以根据自己需要选择续当。什么是绝当？当物绝当后如何处理？典当期限届满或续当期限届满后，当户应在5天内赎当或续当，预期不赎当或续当为绝当。

绝当后，The estimated value of the absolute equivalent is less than 30,000 yuan，典当行可以自行变卖或折价处理，Profit and loss at your own risk；The estimated value of the property is more than 30,000 yuan，可以按《中华人民共和国担保法》有关规定处理，It is also possible for both parties to agree in advance that the pawn house will entrust the auction house to conduct a public auction.。Auction proceeds are deducted from the auction

cost

After principal and interest of deposit，The remaining portion should be returned to the owner，The shortfall will be claimed from the owner。

现在注册典当行管理十分严格，需先经国家商务部审批，由商务部批准并颁发《典当经营许可证》。After the applicant obtains the "Pawn Business License"，应当在10日内向所在地县级人民政府公安机关申请典当行《特种行业许可证》。申请人领取《特种行业许可证》后，应当在10日内到工商行政管理机关申请登记注册，After receiving the business license，方可营业。

The minimum registered capital of a pawn shop is 3 million yuan；Engaged in real estate mortgage pawn business，The minimum registered capital is 5 million yuan；Engaged in property rights pledge and pawn business，The minimum registered capital is 10 million yuan。The minimum registered capital of a pawn shop shall be the monetary capital paid by shareholders.，Not included in kind、industrial property、non-patented technology、Capital contributed as a price for land use rights。什么东西可以典当？

原则上只要来源合法、产权明晰、依法可以流通的有价值物品或财产权利都可以典当，但不同典当行具体开展的业务有不同，一般来讲房产、stock、corporate bonds、大额存单、vehicle、gold and silver jewelry、珠宝钻石、electronic products、钟表、照相机、批量物资等都可以典当。与通常人们想象中的旧当铺不同的是，现代典当行一般不收旧衣服。

一般的，活物也是不典当的。典当综合费、当金利息是怎么回事？典当是一种融资行为，需有偿使用。典当行一般按当金收取综合费及当金利息。按照《典当管理办法》有关规定，The monthly comprehensive rate for chattel pledge and pawn shall not exceed 42‰ of the pawn amount.。The monthly comprehensive rate of real estate mortgage pawn shall not exceed 27‰ of the pawn amount.。

财产权利质押典当的月综合费率不得超过当金的24‰。综合费在典当时预扣，当金利息一般按同期银行贷款利率上浮30%执行。具体费、息标准根据不同典当行、不同业务种类都会不一样，客户应以典当行公告为准。

Apply to set up a pawn shop，The following conditions should be met：

1. are in compliance with the law、Statutes and regulations；
2. Have a minimum registered capital that meets the regulations (the minimum registered capital for a pawn shop is 3 million yuan)；Engaged in real estate mortgage pawn business，The minimum registered capital is 5 million yuan；Engaged in property rights pledge and pawn business，The minimum registered capital is 10 million yuan。

The minimum registered capital of a pawn shop shall be the monetary capital paid by shareholders.，Not included in kind、industrial property、non-patented technology、Capital contributed as a price for land use rights)；(3) There is compliance with

Require

business premises and necessary facilities for conducting business；

1. Have management personnel and appraisers who are familiar with the pawn business；
2. There are two or more legal person shareholders，And the legal person shares are relatively controlling；
3. Public security management in compliance with Articles 9 and 10 of the Pawn Management Measures

Require

；(7) Comply with the national overall plan for pawn shops、Reasonably laid out

Require

。

Conditions for Pawn Shops to Establish Branches Pawn shops that meet the following conditions may establish branches:：

1. Operating pawn business for more than three years，Registered capital is not less than RMB 15 million；
2. Profitable for the past two consecutive years；
3. No illegal business records in the past two years。

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