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The British tax system is based on original direct taxation

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17century ago,The British tax system is based on original direct taxation,supplemented by certain individual consumption and other taxes。17~ Consumption tax became popular in the 18th century,Begin to establish a tax structure with direct taxes as the main body。1799Year after first income tax,税制结构发生变化到第二次世界大战后直接税收入已占税收收入总额的50%左右形成以直接税为主体的税制体系

1973年英国加入欧洲共同体后开始征收增值税间接税比重上升但仍以直接税为主要税收来源。1975年颁布石油税收法令对石油公司征收石油收入税等。1976年8月对开发土地资源取得的收益或在土地所有权转移中取得的收益课征土地开发税

到1990年设置的主要税种有个人所得税公司税社会保险税国内货物及劳务税增值税、consumption tax、财产税石油收入税土地开发税印花税资产转让税和关税等

in,中央税收总收入中,个人所得税占

  1. 21%,公司税占
  2. 09%,社会保险税占
  3. 63%,国内货物及劳务税占
  4. 14%,财产税占
  5. 75%。英国是实行中央集权制的国家税收收入和权限高度集中于中央英国税收分为国税和地方税

国税由中央政府掌握占全国税收收入的90%左右是中央财政最主要的来源地方税由地方政府负责占全国税收收入的10%左右是地方财政的重要来源但不是主要来源构成地方财政主要财源的是中央对地方的财政补助与税收收入划分相适应英国的税收权限也高度集中于中央

全国的税收立法权由中央掌握地方只对属于本级政府的地方税才享有征收权及适当的税率调整权和减免权等但这些权限也受到中央的限制如80年代英国颁布的地方税收额封顶法就是显著一例


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林俊皓

林俊皓主要负责英国有限公司 (Ltd) 与 LLP 设立及治理合规曾在英国企业顾问机构帮助国际客户处理 UK Companies House 注册流程PSC(受益人披露)报告年度公司确认声明及税务登记等他了解英国公司法对董事/股东义务申报与年度财务报告的要求能为跨境客户制定可持续的英国公司治理框架

Areas of expertise:英国有限公司 (Ltd)/LLP 设立PSC 报告UK Companies House 流程英国公司法

Previous institutions:英国 & 香港企业顾问机构

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